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  • Quick Read
    Screenshot of the UDL Tips for Assessment PDF

    CAST, 2020

    Universal Design for Learning (UDL) encourages “assessment by design,” but what does that mean specifically for educators? How can we use the UDL framework to design and reflect on assessments?

  • Quick Read
    Screenshot of the UDL TIps for Learning Environments PDF

    CAST, 2016

    Using the UDL framework, we can proactively design learning environments so that everyone can work toward becoming expert learners.

  • Article

    S. Reed & P. Coyne, 2013

    Stacey Reed, a 7th grade science teacher, and Peggy Coyne, a CAST research scientist, describe CAST Science Writer, a free interactive web-based instructional tool to support students’ writing scientific reports. Based on the framework ...

  • Report
    Two images of the same article within the CISL reader environment are shown side-by-side. The article in the image on the right has letters that are more spaced out from one another, compared to the article in the left image. Above the two images a line of text reads “More or less space between letters?” with two arrows, one pointing to each image.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    The option to adjust the spacing between letters and words is an option that makes documents accessible for all. Do you prefer reading text with the letters spaced more closely together or further apart?

  • Report
    Two images of the same article within the CISL reader environment are shown side-by-side. The article in the image on the right has more space between lines of text, compared to the article in the left image. Above the two images a line of text reads “More or less space between lines?” with two arrows, one pointing to each image.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    Options to adjust line spacing can impact the accessibility of text and the level of engagement a reader has with the text. Readers value choosing to have the lines of text closer together or further apart.

  • Report
    Screenshot of a popup window in Clusive asking students of their thoughts on the reading and how it made them feel.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    Applications and tools that capture and display learner affect, such as a mood meter, support students in identifying, assessing, and reflecting on their emotional state when engaging in readings or other learning activities.

  • Report
    Screenshot showing highlighted text from a longer piece of writing in situ as well as pulled out in a sidebar where the reader has taken some notes related to their annotations.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    Annotation can include multiple strategies but generally refers to highlighting interesting or important parts of a text and writing notes about the text as a person reads. Annotations typically include a person’s thoughts, reflections, and questions.

  • Report
    Screen capture of text with highlighted words and alternate phrasing.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    Automated text simplification uses automated processes like natural language processing, machine learning, or artificial intelligence (AI) to change how texts are worded to make them easier to understand.

  • Report
    Examples of different text and background contrast settings.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    The option to choose screen colors and color contrast is an important access feature allowing users to select settings that best meet their preferences. Black text on a white background and yellow or white text on a black background are examples.

  • Report
    Screenshot of an embedded comprehension check in a digital reading environment.

    CISL at CAST, 2023

    Embedded comprehension checks can be formative assessments that help teachers and students discern student understanding, provide feedback, and make informed decisions about when to move ahead to new content or revisit challenges.

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